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, officially named , is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kinkakuji Temple - 金阁寺, Kyoto, Japan )〕 It is one of the most popular buildings in Japan, attracting a large number of visitors annually.〔Bornoff, Nicholas (2000). ''The National Geographic Traveler: Japan''. National Geographic Society. ISBN 0-7922-7563-2.〕 It is designated as a National Special Historic Site and a National Special Landscape, and it is one of 17 locations comprising the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto World Heritage Site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Places of Interest in Kyoto (Top 15 most visited places in Kyoto by visitors from overseas) )〕 ==History== The site of Kinkaku-ji was originally a villa called ''Kitayama-dai'', belonging to a powerful statesman, Saionji Kintsune.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto )〕 Kinkaku-ji's history dates to 1397, when the villa was purchased from the Saionji family by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and transformed into the Kinkaku-ji complex.〔 When Yoshimitsu died, the building was converted into a Zen temple by his son, according to his wishes.〔〔Scott, David (1996). ''Exploring Japan''. Fodor's Travel Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-679-03011-5.〕 During the Onin war (1467-1477), all of the buildings in the complex aside from the pavilion were burned down.〔 On July 2, 1950, at 2:30 am, the pavilion was burned down by a 22-year-old novice monk, Hayashi Yoken, who then attempted suicide on the Daimon-ji hill behind the building. He survived, and was subsequently taken into custody. The monk was sentenced to seven years in prison, but was released because of mental illnesses (persecution complex and schizophrenia) on September 29, 1955; he died of tuberculosis 〔 See: Herostratos syndrome〕 During the fire, the original statue of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was lost to the flames (now restored). A fictionalized version of these events is at the center of Yukio Mishima's 1956 book ''The Temple of the Golden Pavilion''.〔 The present pavilion structure dates from 1955, when it was rebuilt.〔 The pavilion is three stories high, approximately 12.5 meters in height.〔Young, David, and Michiko Young. The art of Japanese Architecture. North Claredon, VT: Turtle Publishing, 2007. N. pag. Print.〕 The reconstruction is said to be a copy close to the original, although some doubt such an extensive gold-leaf coating was used on the original structure.〔 In 1984, the coating of Japanese lacquer was found a little decayed, and a new coating as well as gilding with gold-leaf, much thicker than the original coatings (0.5 µm instead of 0.1 µm), was completed in 1987. Additionally, the interior of the building, including the paintings and Yoshimitsu's statue, were also restored. Finally, the roof was restored in 2003. The name Kinkaku is derived from the gold leaf that the pavilion is covered in. Gold was an important addition to the pavilion because of its underlying meaning. The gold employed was to mitigate and purify any pollution or negative thoughts and feelings towards death.〔Gerhart, Karen M. The material culture of Death in medieval Japan. N.p.: University of Hawaii Press, 2009. N. pag. Print.〕 Other than the symbolic meaning behind the gold leaf, the Muromachi period heavily relied on visual excesses.〔 With the focus on the Golden Pavilion, how the structure is mainly covered in that material, creates an impression that stands out because of the sunlight reflecting and the effect the reflection creates on the pond. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kinkaku-ji」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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